Responsible Consumption and Production
Globally, sustainability efforts are advancing, with an increasing number of policies supporting sustainable consumption and production. Environmental agreement compliance remains strong. However, challenges persist, including low sustainable e-waste management and high fossil fuel subsidies. Corporate sustainability reporting has expanded dramatically, with most large companies now disclosing environmental performance through standardized mechanisms. These trends highlight progress while underscoring the need for continued focus on waste management, energy conservation and emissions reduction. The United Nations is advancing Goal 12 through such initiatives as the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns, which helps countries to implement sustainable consumption policies and improve waste management.